在过去的几年中,几项计划开始以开放方式提供对研究输出数据和元数据的访问。这些举措开发的平台正在向更广泛的公众开放科学生产,这对于基于循证的科学,技术和创新(STI)的决策是宝贵的资产。这些资源确实可以促进知识发现,并帮助确定特定感兴趣的研究领域中可用的研发资产和相关参与者。理想情况下,为了全面了解整个Sti生态系统,应相应地组合和分析这些资源所提供的信息。为了确保这一点,应至少在数据源之间保证至少一定程度的互操作性,以便可以更好地汇总和补充数据,并且为决策提供的证据更加完整和可靠。在这里,我们研究了在整个丹麦STI生态系统中绘制气候行动研究的情况,是否是通过使用4个流行的Open Access STI数据源(即OpenAire,Open Alex,Cordis和Kohesio)的情况。
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科学,技术与创新(STI)决策者通常需要清楚地了解所研究的内容以及通过谁设计有效的政策。这种愿景是通过对机构界限内进行的研究活动的有效和全面映射提供的。在这种情况下要面临的一个重大挑战是访问相关数据并结合来自不同来源的信息的困难:实际上,传统上,STI数据已限制在封闭的数据源中,并且在可用的情况下,它将与不同的分类法分类。。在这里,我们介绍了一项概念验证研究,该研究使用开放资源来绘制有关可持续发展目标(SDG)13种气候行动的研究格局,该行动是整个国家的丹麦,我们在25 ERC上绘制了它面板。
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Computational units in artificial neural networks follow a simplified model of biological neurons. In the biological model, the output signal of a neuron runs down the axon, splits following the many branches at its end, and passes identically to all the downward neurons of the network. Each of the downward neurons will use their copy of this signal as one of many inputs dendrites, integrate them all and fire an output, if above some threshold. In the artificial neural network, this translates to the fact that the nonlinear filtering of the signal is performed in the upward neuron, meaning that in practice the same activation is shared between all the downward neurons that use that signal as their input. Dendrites thus play a passive role. We propose a slightly more complex model for the biological neuron, where dendrites play an active role: the activation in the output of the upward neuron becomes optional, and instead the signals going through each dendrite undergo independent nonlinear filterings, before the linear combination. We implement this new model into a ReLU computational unit and discuss its biological plausibility. We compare this new computational unit with the standard one and describe it from a geometrical point of view. We provide a Keras implementation of this unit into fully connected and convolutional layers and estimate their FLOPs and weights change. We then use these layers in ResNet architectures on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, Imagenette, and Imagewoof, obtaining performance improvements over standard ResNets up to 1.73%. Finally, we prove a universal representation theorem for continuous functions on compact sets and show that this new unit has more representational power than its standard counterpart.
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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本文提出了一种以非零速度的效果友好型捕捉对象的混合优化和学习方法。通过受约束的二次编程问题,该方法生成最佳轨迹,直至机器人和对象之间的接触点,以最小化其相对速度并减少初始影响力。接下来,生成的轨迹是由基于人类的捕捉演示的旋风动作原始词更新的,以确保围绕接口点的平稳过渡。此外,学习的人类可变刚度(HVS)被发送到机器人的笛卡尔阻抗控制器,以吸收后影响力并稳定捕获位置。进行了三个实验,以将我们的方法与固定位置阻抗控制器(FP-IC)进行比较。结果表明,所提出的方法的表现优于FP-IC,同时添加HVS可以更好地吸收影响后力。
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人类具有非凡的能力来传达和阅读对象的属性,只需看到它们被别人带走即可。人类可用的这种沟通技巧和解释水平对于协作机器人可以自然和有效的互动对于协作机器人至关重要。例如,假设机器人正在移交一个脆弱的对象。在这种情况下,应通过直接和隐性的信息,即通过直接调节机器人的行动来告知其脆弱性的人。这项工作调查了两个具有不同实施方案的机器人(一个ICUB类人体机器人和Baxter机器人)进行交流意图执行的对象操作的感知。我们设计了机器人的动作,以传达对象运输过程中的谨慎性。我们发现,人类观察者不仅可以正确地感知此功能,而且可以在随后的人类物体操纵中引起运动适应的一种形式。此外,我们可以深入了解哪些运动功能可能会或多或少地谨慎地操纵物体。
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尽管他们成功了,但了解卷积神经网络(CNN)如何有效地学习高维功能仍然是一个基本挑战。一个普遍的看法是,这些模型利用自然数据(例如图像)的组成和分层结构。然而,我们对这种结构如何影响性能,缺乏定量的理解,例如训练样本数量的概括误差的衰减率。在本文中,我们研究了内核制度中的深入CNN:i)我们证明了相应的内核及其渐近学的光谱继承了网络的层次结构; ii)我们使用概括范围来证明深CNN适应目标函数的空间尺度; iii)我们通过计算教师学生环境中误差的衰减率来说明这一结果,在教师学生的设置中,对另一个具有随机发射参数的深CNN的输出进行了深入的CNN训练。我们发现,如果教师函数取决于输入变量的某些低维基集,则速率由这些子集的有效维度控制。相反,如果教师函数取决于整个输入变量,则错误率与输入维度成反比。有趣的是,这意味着尽管具有层次结构,但深CNN产生的功能太丰富了,无法在高维度上有效地学习。
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航天器微型振动的隔离对于成功依靠高精度指向的工具部署至关重要。 Hexapod平台代表了一个有前途的解决方案,但是与在可接受的质量和复杂性预算中获得理想的3D动态相关的困难导致了最小的实际采用。本文介绍了支柱边界条件(BCS)对系统级机械干扰抑制的影响。传统的全旋转关节构型的固有局限性被突出显示,并显示为链接质量和旋转惯性。提出并在分析上提出了针刺的BC替代方案,以减轻2D和3D的缓解。新BC的优势在任意平行操纵器中具有,并通过数值测试证明了几种六角形的几何形状。提出了具有良好性能的配置。最后,描述并验证了允许物理实现的新型平面关节。因此,这项工作可以开发不需要主动控制的微型启动平台。
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当操纵对象时,人类将它们的动作精细调整到他们正在处理的特征。因此,细心观察者可以预见被操纵物体的隐藏性质,例如其重量,温度,甚至它是否需要特别注意操纵。这项研究是朝着赋予人类机器人的一步,这是一个最后的能力。具体而言,我们研究机器人如何从单独推断出在线推断,无论是人类伴侣在移动物体时都是小心的。我们表明,即使使用低分辨率摄像头,人形机器人也可以高精度地执行此推理(高达81.3%)。只有短暂的运动没有障碍,仔细识别不足。迅速识别出现谨慎观察合作伙伴的行动将使机器人能够适应对象的行为,以显示与人工合作伙伴相同程度的照顾。
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在本文中,我们专注于在线学习主动视觉在未知室内环境中的对象的搜索(AVS)的最优策略问题。我们建议POMP++,规划战略,介绍了经典的部分可观察蒙特卡洛规划(POMCP)框架之上的新制剂,允许免费培训,在线政策在未知的环境中学习。我们提出了一个新的信仰振兴战略,允许使用POMCP与动态扩展状态空间来解决在线生成平面地图的。我们评估我们在两个公共标准数据集的方法,AVD由是从真正的3D场景渲染扫描真正的机器人平台和人居ObjectNav收购,用>10%,比国家的the-改善达到最佳的成功率技术方法。
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